John Ronald Reuel Tolkien
Lahir | John Ronald Reuel Tolkien 3 Januari 1892 Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, Afrika Selatan |
Meninggal | 2 September 1973 (umur 81) Bournemouth, Inggris |
Pekerjaan | Pengarang, pengajar, filologis |
Kebangsaan | Britania Raya |
Aliran sastra | Literatur anak-anak, fantasi tinggi, terjemahan, kritik |
Karya terkenal |
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Daftar isi
Biografi
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (lahir di Afrika Selatan, 3 Januari 1892 – meninggal di Oxford, Inggris, 2 September 1973 pada umur 81 tahun) adalah penulis novel asal Britania Raya yang menulis The Hobbit (1937) dan lanjutannya The Lord of the Rings (1954—1955). Ia bekerja sebagai profesor dalam Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Leeds pada 1920-1925, sebagai profesor Bahasa Anglo-Saxon di Universitas Oxford pada 1925-1945, dan bahasa Inggris dan sastra, juga di Oxford, pada 1945-1959. Ia adalah seorang Katolik Roma yang sangat saleh. Tolkien adalah sahabat karib C.S. Lewis, dan anggota Inklings, sebuah kelompok diskusi sastra, bersama-sama dengan Lewis dan Owen Barfield.Bibliografi
Fiksi dan puisi
1936 | Songs for the Philologists, dengan E.V. Gordon et al. |
1937 | The Hobbit or There and Back Again. |
1945 | Leaf by Niggle (cerita pendek) |
1945 | The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun, diterbitkan dalam Welsh Review |
1949 | Farmer Giles of Ham (fabel Abad Pertengahan) |
1953 | The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, Beorhthelm's Son diterbitkan dengan esai Ofermod |
1954 | The Fellowship of the Ring (Sembilan Pembawa Cincin): bagian pertama dari The Lord of the Rings. |
1954 | The Two Towers: bagian kedua dari The Lord of the Rings. |
1955 | The Return of the King (Kembalinya Sang Raja): bagian ketiga dari The Lord of the Rings. |
1962 | The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book |
1967 | The Road Goes Ever On, bersama Donald Swann |
1964 | Tree and Leaf (On Fairy-Stories dan Leaf by Niggle dalam bentuk buku) |
1966 | The Tolkien Reader (The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorthelm's Son, On Fairy Stories, Leaf by Niggle, Farmer Giles of Ham' dan The Adventures of Tom Bombadil) |
1966 | Tolkien on Tolkien (otobiografi) |
1967 | Smith of Wootton Major |
Karya-karya akademik
1922 | A Middle English Vocabulary |
1924 | Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (bersama E. V. Gordon) |
1925 | Some Contributions to Middle-English Lexicography |
1925 | The Devil's Coach Horses |
1929 | Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiohad |
1932 | The Name 'Nodens' (dalam: Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman, and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire.) |
1932/1935 | Sigelwara Land bagian I dan II |
1934 | The Reeve's Tale (penemuan kembali tentang humor dialek, memperkenalkan manuskrip Hengwrt dalam kritik teks atas The Canterbury Tales oleh Chaucer) |
1936 | Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics (ceramah tentang kritik Beowulf) |
1939 | On Fairy-Stories (filsafat Tolkien tentang fantasi, disampaikan sebagai kuliah Andrew Lang 1939) |
1944 | Sir Orfeo (edisi dari puisi Abad Pertengahan) |
1947 | On Fairy-Stories (esai, sangat sentral untuk memahami pandangan-pandangan Tolkien tentang fastasi) |
1953 | Ofermod, published with the poem The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, Beorhthelm's Son |
1953 | Middle English "Losenger" |
1962 | Ancrene Wisse: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle |
1963 | English and Welsh |
1966 | Jerusalem Bible (penerjemah dan leksikograf tamu) |
Penerbitan anumerta
- Terjemahan 1975 dari Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl (poem) dan Sir Orfeo
- 1976 The Father Christmas Letters
- 1977 The Silmarillion.
- 1979 Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien
- 1980 Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth.
- 1980 Poems and Stories (kompilasi dari The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son, On Fairy-Stories, Leaf by Niggle, Farmer Giles of Ham dan Smith of Wootton Major)
- 1981 The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (penyunting: Christopher Tolkien dan Humphrey Carpenter)
- 1981 The Old English Exodus Text
- 1982 Finn and Hengest: The Fragment and the Episode
- 1982 Mr. Bliss
- 1983 The Monsters and the Critics (kumpulan esai)
- Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics (1936)
- On Translating Beowulf (1940)
- On Fairy-Stories (1947)
- A Secret Vice (1930)
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
- English and Welsh (1955)
- 1983–1996 The History of Middle-Earth:
- The Book of Lost Tales 1 (1983)
- The Book of Lost Tales 2 (1984)
- The Lays of Beleriand (1985)
- The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986)
- The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987)
- The Return of the Shadow (Sejarah The Lord of the Rings vol. 1) (1988)
- The Treason of Isengard (Sejarah The Lord of the Rings vol. 2) (1989)
- The War of the Ring (Sejarah The Lord of the Rings vol. 3) (1990)
- Sauron Defeated (The History of The Lord of the Rings vol. 4, termasuk edisi The Notion Club Papers) (1992)
- Morgoth's Ring (The Later Silmarillion vol. 1) (1993)
- The War of the Jewels (The Later Silmarillion vol. 2) (1994)
- The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)
- Index (2002)
- 1995 J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator (kumpulan seni Tolkien)
- 1998 Roverandom
- 2002 Beowulf and the Critics, penyunting: Michael D.C. Drout (Beowulf: the monsters and the critics bersama dengan edisi dua naskah dari esai yang lebih panjang, yang diringkaskan.
- 2007 The Children of Húrin
Rekaman
1967 | Poems and Songs of Middle-Earth, Caedmon TC 1231 |
1975 | JRR Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings, Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (berdasarkan rekaman oleh George Sayer, Agustus 1952) |
Sumber: http://id.wikipedia.org
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